Hindi and Urdu


Consonants
IPA Hindi Urdu English
equivalent
b ب abash
bʱ بھ abhor
[1] د ado
ʱ [1] دھ adhere
ɖ [1] ڈ guard
ɖʱ [1] ڈھ guardhouse
ج hedge
ʱ جھ hedgehog
f फ़ ف food
ɡ گ agate
ɡʱ گھ pigheaded
h ح head
ɦ ahead
j ي yak
k ک scan
kʰ کھ can
l ل leaf
m م much
n ن not
ɳ - burner

ŋ - bank
p پ span
pʰ پھ pan

(often pronounced
[f]
in Hindi)
q क़ ق a k in the throat

(Urdu; often [k]
in Hindi)
r ر trilled r
ɽ ड़ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h
s س sue
ʂ worship

ʃ ش shoe
[1] ت stable
ʰ [1] تھ table
ʈ [1] ٹ art
ʈʰ [1] ٹھ art-historian
چ catch
ʰ چھ choose
ʋ[2] و varies between w and v
x ख़ خ Bach

(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
ɣ ग़ غ like a French r

(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi).
Close to uvular flap.
z ज़ ز zen
ʒ झ़ ژ pleasure

Vowels
IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent
आ, पा آ, ـا bra
ए, पे ے between yell and Yale
ɛː ऐ, पै yell
ə अ, प ـَ nut
[3] ई, पी ی feet
ɪ [3] इ, पि ـِ dill
ओ, पो و old
ɔː औ, पौ law
[3] ऊ, पू loot
ʊ [3] उ, पु ـُ look
 ̃ ں nasal vowel

([ãː], [õː], etc.)



Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress

(placed before stressed syllable)
ː doubled consonant

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