Persian


Consonants

IPA

Letter

Examples

English
approximation

b

ب

برادر

beet

d

د

د‫وست

den

ج

جوان

jazz

f

ف

فشار

fast

ɡ

گ

گروه

gate

ɣ

غ

ق

باغ

between gate
and hat

ɢ

قلم

h

ه

ح

هفت

hat

j

ی

یا

yard

k

ک

کشور

cat

l

ل

لب

land

m

م

مادر

man

n

ن

نان

neck

p

پ

پدر

pen

ɾ

ر

ایران

Rolled R
(Spanish/Italian/
Russian R)

s

س

ص

ث

سایه

sock

ʃ

ش

شاه

shah

t

ت

ط

تا

tall

چ

چوب

chip

v

و

ویژه

oven

x

خ

خانه

loch (Scottish)

ʒ

ژ

ژاله

vision

ʔ

ع

ء

معنا

As in water, better,
Let's go!
in (Cockney) -
department, not now!
in RP -
See T-glottalization

Marginal
consonants

ŋ

نگ

رنگ

sing

Stress

ˈ

ایران

[iˈɾɒːn]

again

/əˈɡeɪn/


Vowels

IPA

Letter

Examples

English approximation

Monophthongs

æ

نه

bat

ɒː

ا

تا

As in the interjection aw but slightly
shorter in length - similar to caught
(American English) or not
(English English)

e

که

between bate and bet

ی

کی

beat

o

تو

boat (but shorter)

و

تو

boot

Diphthongs

ei

ی

کی

bay, they

ou

و

نو

flow

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